Malabsorptsioonihäired

Malabsorptsioonihäired are a group of gastrointestinal disorders characterized by the impaired absorption of nutrients from the diet. These conditions can result from various factors, including genetic abnormalities, structural abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract, or damage to the intestinal lining. Common symptoms of malabsorptive disorders include chronic diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, and nutritional deficiencies.

One of the most well-known malabsorptive disorders is celiac disease, an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten consumption in genetically susceptible individuals. This leads to damage of the small intestine's villi, reducing the surface area for nutrient absorption. Other conditions include tropical sprue, which is caused by parasitic infections, and Whipple's disease, an infection by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei that affects the small intestine.

Diagnosis of malabsorptive disorders typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, blood tests to check for nutrient deficiencies, and small bowel biopsies to assess the integrity of the intestinal lining. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause. For celiac disease, a strict gluten-free diet is essential. For tropical sprue, antiparasitic medications are used. In cases of Whipple's disease, antibiotics are prescribed.

In some cases, malabsorptive disorders may be associated with other medical conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatic insufficiency. Management often requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving gastroenterologists, dietitians, and other healthcare professionals to ensure proper nutrition and overall health.