Makuladegeneraatioon

Makuladegeneraatio is a medical condition affecting the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It is a leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 60. The condition progresses slowly and typically affects both eyes, though one eye may be affected more severely than the other.

There are two main types of makuladegeneraatio: dry and wet. Dry makuladegeneraatio is the more common form, accounting for about 80-90% of cases. It develops gradually as the macula thins and breaks down. Symptoms may include blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty reading, and a need for brighter light.

Wet makuladegeneraatio is less common but often leads to more severe and rapid vision loss. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and leak fluid or blood. This leakage can cause scar tissue to form, damaging the macula. Sudden onset of distorted vision, such as straight lines appearing wavy, and a blind spot in the center of vision are characteristic symptoms of the wet form.

The exact cause of makuladegeneraatio is not fully understood, but risk factors include age, family history, smoking, and cardiovascular disease. While there is no cure for makuladegeneraatio, treatments are available to slow its progression or manage symptoms. These can include nutritional supplements, medication injections into the eye, and laser therapy for the wet form. Regular eye examinations are crucial for early detection and management.