Maksakirppu

Maksakirppu, a Finnish term for a surgical suction drain, is a device used after operative procedures to remove fluid such as blood, serous fluid, or exudate from a surgical site. The purpose of the drain is to prevent fluid collection that could promote infection, impair wound healing, or cause swelling. A typical maksakirppu consists of a flexible tube inserted into the incision or cavity, with one end connected to a suction source and the other end open or closed with a spout. Modern versions include closed suction systems that minimize infection risk by maintaining a sealed environment.

Indications for placing a maksakirppu include major abdominal, thoracic, or orthopedic surgeries where residual fluid is expected. The drain remains in place until output decreases to a predetermined threshold, often 30–50 ml per day, indicating sufficient resolution of the wound exudate. Careful monitoring of drainage volume and characteristics helps identify postoperative complications such as hemorrhage, infection, or fluid imbalance.

Complications can arise from improper use. Excessive suction can cause negative pressure injuries and tissue ischemia. Inadequate drainage may allow fluid accumulation leading to abscess formation. Malposition or dislodgement rarely occurs and may necessitate re-insertion. Patient education on drainage care and prompt reporting of increased fluid or pain is essential.

Removal of the maksakirppu is generally performed when output diminishes and wound healing is progressing. Proper technique involves gentle traction while keeping the incision site clean. Post‑extraction wound care includes applying dressing, monitoring for signs of bleeding, and ensuring patient comfort. In sum, the maksakirppu remains a vital adjunct in surgical recovery, enhancing safety and promoting optimal healing when appropriately applied.