Mainframe

Mainframe computers are large, high-performance systems used by organizations to run mission-critical applications. They support very high transaction throughput, intensive batch processing, and stringent reliability and security requirements. Mainframes are designed for centralized processing with robust I/O capabilities, large storage subsystems, and sophisticated fault tolerance, enabling near-continuous operation across multiple sites.

Originating in the mid-20th century, mainframes evolved from century-old batch systems to versatile platforms. IBM's System/360 and its successors shaped the architecture, and contemporary mainframes such as IBM Z and its Linux-on-Z platforms continue to emphasize virtualization, scalability, and backward compatibility. Modern systems can host multiple logical partitions and run several operating systems at once.

Operating systems include IBM z/OS, z/VM, and z/VSE, as well as Linux on IBM Z. Common software layers include transaction processing monitors such as CICS, IMS, and batch schedulers, databases like DB2, and development languages such as COBOL, PL/I, Java, and SQL. High availability and disaster recovery features, redundant components, and error handling are integral to design.

Mainframes are widely used in banking, insurance, government, airlines, and large retailers for core applications such as payment processing, recordkeeping, payroll, and ERP workloads. They are valued for stability, predictable performance, strong security controls, and the ability to consolidate workloads from earlier systems onto a single platform.

Today, modernization efforts pursue integrating mainframes with distributed systems and cloud environments. Linux on Z and offerings like LinuxONE enable open-source software and hybrid architectures, while traditional z/OS workloads continue to run at scale. The result is a continued role for mainframes in enterprise IT, especially where reliability and security are paramount.