Mahahaavoihin

Mahahaavoihin, commonly referred to as stomach ulcers or peptic ulcers, are sores that develop on the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine, known as the duodenum. These ulcers occur when the protective mucous layer that lines the stomach and duodenum is eroded, allowing digestive acids to damage the underlying tissue.

The most common causes of mahahaavoihin are infections with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and the prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin or ibuprofen. H. pylori can weaken the protective lining, while NSAIDs can interfere with the stomach's ability to protect itself from acid. Less common causes include Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a rare condition that causes excessive stomach acid production.

Symptoms of mahahaavoihin can vary but often include a burning or gnawing pain in the abdomen, typically between meals or at night. This pain may be relieved by eating or taking antacids. Other symptoms can include bloating, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. In some cases, bleeding may occur, leading to black, tarry stools or vomiting blood.

Diagnosis of mahahaavoihin usually involves medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, which allows a doctor to visualize the ulcer directly. Tests for H. pylori infection and imaging studies may also be performed. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce stomach acid and antibiotics if H. pylori is present. Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding NSAIDs and quitting smoking, are also often recommended.