Magnetzündsysteme

Magnetzündsysteme, often referred to as magneto ignition systems, are a type of self-contained ignition system primarily used in internal combustion engines. They generate their own electrical current through the principle of electromagnetic induction, eliminating the need for an external power source like a battery. The core components of a magneto system include a rotating magnet, stationary coils, and breaker points (or a solid-state equivalent).

As the engine crankshaft rotates, it spins a permanent magnet past a stationary coil, typically the primary coil. This relative motion induces a voltage in the coil. The breaker points, also driven by the engine, open and close at precise intervals. When the points close, current flows through the primary coil. When the points open, the magnetic field collapses, inducing a much higher voltage in a secondary coil wound around the primary. This high voltage is then directed to the spark plug via a distributor (in multi-cylinder engines) or directly, creating a spark to ignite the fuel-air mixture.

Magneto ignition systems are known for their reliability and robustness, especially in applications where battery power is unavailable or undesirable, such as in small aircraft engines, motorcycles, lawnmowers, and older automotive engines. Their self-sufficiency makes them less prone to failure due to drained batteries or electrical system faults. Modern magneto systems may incorporate electronic components to replace the mechanical breaker points, offering improved performance and reduced maintenance.