Magnetventile

Magnetventile, or solenoid valves, are electromechanically operated devices used to regulate the flow of liquids or gases in automation systems. They consist of a valve body with inlet and outlet ports, a movable plunger or armature, a valve seat, and a solenoid coil. When the coil is energized, the magnetic field moves the plunger to open or close the flow path.

Valves are commonly categorized by port count and operating mode. Two-way (2/2) valves have two ports and two states (open or closed). Three-way (3/2) valves add a third port for diverting or mixing flow. They can be normally closed (NC) or normally open (NO). Actuation can be direct, where the coil moves the plunger against the process pressure, or pilot-operated, where system pressure assists opening at higher flows.

Electrical and materials aspects vary. Coils can be powered by DC (commonly 12–24 V) or AC (commonly 24–230 V). Power consumption ranges from a few watts to tens of watts; some designs are latching and hold position with reduced power. Bodies are made from brass, stainless steel, or plastics, while wetted parts use materials such as NBR or FKM seals, EPDM, or PTFE, chosen for compatibility with the medium. Temperature and chemical compatibility, as well as pressure ratings and IP protection, are important design considerations.

Applications span process control, water treatment and distribution, irrigation, pneumatic and hydraulic circuits, and various industrial systems. Advantages include fast, remote, and reliable actuation with simple electronics. Limitations involve heat generation, sensitivity to voltage fluctuations, potential leak paths if damaged, and requirements for clean, compatible fluids to avoid valve fouling.

Standards and installation guidelines cover pressure and temperature ratings, electrical safety, and enclosure protection. Proper selection considers mode (NC vs NO, direct vs pilot), media compatibility, and maintenance needs.