Lüütkondensaatorid

Lüütkondensaatorid, or simply capacitors, are passive electronic components that store electrical energy in an electric field. They are fundamental to many electronic circuits, playing crucial roles in filtering, tuning, and energy storage. A capacitor typically consists of two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material, which is an electrical insulator. When a voltage is applied across the plates, positive charge accumulates on one plate and negative charge on the other, creating an electric field within the dielectric.

The capacitance, measured in farads (F), is a measure of how much charge a capacitor can store per unit of voltage. Factors influencing capacitance include the area of the plates, the distance between them, and the type of dielectric material used. Different dielectric materials, such as ceramics, electrolytes, and films, offer varying properties like high capacitance density, low leakage, or excellent high-frequency performance.

Capacitors are used in a wide range of applications. In power supplies, they act as filters to smooth out fluctuations in voltage. In resonant circuits, such as those found in radios, capacitors work with inductors to select specific frequencies. They also serve as temporary energy storage devices, releasing their stored charge when needed, which is vital in applications like camera flashes or to provide a burst of power. The ability to block direct current while allowing alternating current to pass is another key characteristic exploited in circuit design.