Lümfideem

Lümfideem is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of lymph fluid in tissues, leading to swelling, most commonly in the arms or legs. The lymphatic system is a crucial part of the immune system, responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from the body. When this system is damaged or blocked, lymph fluid can build up, causing discomfort and a range of complications.

There are two primary types of lümfideem: primary and secondary. Primary lümfideem is a rare, inherited condition caused by genetic mutations that affect the development of the lymphatic system. Secondary lümfideem is much more common and occurs as a result of damage to the lymphatic system from external causes. These causes include surgery, particularly cancer surgery involving lymph node removal, radiation therapy, infections, trauma, and chronic venous insufficiency.

Symptoms of lümfideem can vary in severity but typically include swelling in an arm or leg, a feeling of heaviness or tightness in the affected limb, restricted range of motion, recurrent infections, and thickening of the skin. In advanced stages, the swelling can become permanent and lead to significant disability.

Diagnosis of lümfideem usually involves a physical examination, review of medical history, and sometimes imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI to assess the lymphatic system. While there is no cure for lümfideem, treatments focus on managing symptoms and preventing complications. These often include complex decongestive therapy (CDT), which combines manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy, exercise, and skin care. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including weight management and regular exercise, can also help.