Lågenergifrakturer

Lågenergifrakturer, also known as insufficiency fractures or stress fractures, are hairline cracks in a bone that occur due to repetitive stress or weakened bone structure rather than a single traumatic event. The term "lågenergi" refers to the low energy involved in the fracture mechanism, contrasting with high-energy fractures caused by significant impacts like car accidents or falls.

These fractures are common in athletes, particularly those involved in high-impact sports such as running, basketball, or gymnastics. However, they can also affect individuals with conditions that weaken bones, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, or certain metabolic disorders. Nutritional deficiencies, such as low calcium or vitamin D intake, can also contribute to the development of lågenergifrakturer.

The symptoms typically include localized pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest. Swelling and tenderness over the affected bone may also be present. Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, patient history, and imaging studies like X-rays, though early stress fractures may not be visible on initial X-rays and may require further imaging such as MRI or bone scan.

Treatment focuses on rest and reducing the stress on the affected bone. This may involve modifying or ceasing the aggravating activity, and sometimes immobilization with a cast or boot. Gradual return to activity is guided by symptom resolution. In cases of underlying bone weakness, addressing the root cause, such as improving nutrition or managing medical conditions, is crucial for long-term recovery and prevention.