Lääkehiili

Lääkehiili, also known as medicinal charcoal or activated charcoal, is a form of charcoal that has been processed to make it highly porous and increase its adsorption capacity. This increased surface area allows it to bind to various substances, making it useful in certain medical applications.

Historically, charcoal has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries, with evidence suggesting its use in ancient Egypt and India. Modern medicinal charcoal is typically derived from burnt organic materials such as wood, coconut shells, or peat. The activation process involves heating the charcoal to high temperatures in the presence of oxidizing gases, which creates a network of pores within its structure.

The primary mechanism of action for lääkehiili is adsorption. When ingested, it can bind to toxins, drugs, and other substances in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing their absorption into the bloodstream. This property makes it a common treatment for poisoning and drug overdose. It is often administered orally as a powder, suspension, or capsule.

While effective for certain conditions, lääkehiili is not a universal antidote. Its efficacy depends on the specific substance ingested, the dose administered, and the time elapsed since ingestion. It is less effective for certain types of poisons, such as heavy metals, strong acids, or alkalis. Lääkehiili can also interfere with the absorption of essential nutrients and medications, and its use should always be guided by medical professionals. Side effects can include constipation, vomiting, and blackening of stool.