Lämpöväliaineita

Lämpöväliaineita, or heat transfer fluids, are substances used to transport thermal energy from one place to another. They are crucial in various applications, including heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, industrial processes, and power generation. The primary function of a heat transfer fluid is to absorb heat from a source, move it, and then release it to a sink.

The choice of a heat transfer fluid depends on several factors, such as the operating temperature range, pressure, required heat transfer properties, cost, safety, and environmental impact. Common types of heat transfer fluids include water, steam, oils, glycols, and refrigerants. Water is a widely used and cost-effective option for many applications due to its excellent thermal properties and availability. However, its freezing point and boiling point can limit its use in extreme temperature conditions.

Oils, such as mineral oils and synthetic oils, are often used in high-temperature applications where water would vaporize or freeze. Glycols, like ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, are commonly used as antifreeze agents in cooling systems and also serve as heat transfer fluids. Refrigerants are specialized fluids designed to undergo phase changes at specific temperatures and pressures, facilitating heat removal in refrigeration and air conditioning cycles.

Effective heat transfer requires fluids with high specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and density, while minimizing viscosity and surface tension. The fluid's ability to flow easily is important for efficient circulation and heat exchange. Safety considerations, such as flammability and toxicity, are also paramount, especially in residential and commercial settings. Environmental regulations increasingly influence the selection of heat transfer fluids, favoring less toxic and more sustainable options.