Lämpöeristystekniikat

Lämpöeristystekniikat refer to methods and materials used to reduce heat transfer between objects or spaces. The primary goal of thermal insulation is to prevent heat from flowing where it is not wanted, either keeping heat inside a building during cold weather or outside during hot weather. This principle is also applied in industrial processes and refrigeration to maintain specific temperature conditions and improve energy efficiency.

Several types of insulation materials are commonly employed. Fibrous materials like mineral wool (rock wool and glass wool) and cellulose are effective due to their trapped air pockets, which impede heat conduction and convection. Foamed plastics, such as polyurethane and polystyrene, create a rigid or semi-rigid structure with a network of small, sealed cells filled with gas, offering excellent thermal resistance. Other materials include natural fibers like cotton and wool, as well as reflective barriers that work by reducing radiant heat transfer.

The effectiveness of an insulation material is measured by its thermal conductivity (lambda value), with lower values indicating better insulating properties. Proper installation is crucial for achieving optimal performance. Techniques include filling cavities in walls, attics, and floors, as well as applying insulation to pipes and tanks. Air sealing is an integral part of thermal insulation, as air leakage can significantly compromise the effectiveness of the insulation by allowing heat to escape or enter through drafts. Moisture control is also important, as wet insulation loses much of its insulating capacity.