Lymphozytopenie

Lymphozytopenie is a medical condition characterized by a lower than normal number of lymphocytes in the blood. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell crucial for the immune system's function, responsible for fighting infections and diseases. A normal lymphocyte count typically ranges from 1,000 to 4,800 lymphocytes per microliter of blood, though this can vary slightly depending on the laboratory. Lymphozytopenie is generally defined as a lymphocyte count below 1,000 cells per microliter in adults.

This condition can arise from various causes. It can be congenital, meaning present from birth, or acquired later in life. Acquired lymphozytopenie can result from infections, particularly viral ones like HIV, influenza, or measles, which can directly damage lymphocytes or suppress their production. Certain autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, can also lead to the destruction of lymphocytes. Malignancies, especially leukemia and lymphoma, can interfere with lymphocyte production or lead to their abnormal growth. Treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy, used to combat cancer, can also cause a significant drop in lymphocyte counts due to their impact on rapidly dividing cells. Additionally, certain medications, nutritional deficiencies (like zinc or vitamin B12), and severe stress or burns can contribute to lymphozytopenie.

The symptoms of lymphozytopenie are often related to the underlying cause and the increased susceptibility to infections. Individuals with very low lymphocyte counts may experience recurrent or severe infections. The diagnosis is typically made through a complete blood count (CBC) test. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause. If it's due to an infection, treating the infection may restore lymphocyte levels. If caused by medication, adjusting or discontinuing the drug might be necessary. In cases of severe or persistent lymphozytopenie, further investigations and management by a healthcare professional are essential to prevent complications and improve immune function.