Lymfooma

Lymfooma is not a formally recognized medical term in standard oncology; it is commonly a misspelling of lymphoma, a group of cancers that arise from lymphocytes in the lymphatic system. Lymphomas are broadly categorized into Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). They can involve lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, and extranodal sites such as the stomach or brain.

Symptoms commonly include painless swelling of one or more lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, or groin. Other signs may include persistent fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, itching, or shortness of breath if chest nodes are affected. The condition is diagnosed through a combination of node biopsy, blood tests, imaging (such as CT or PET-CT), and, when indicated, bone marrow biopsy. Staging follows the Ann Arbor system, used for both HL and many NHLs.

Treatment depends on the type and stage. Hodgkin lymphoma is typically treated with chemotherapy regimens, often with radiation therapy, and many patients achieve cure. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment ranges from watchful waiting in indolent disease to chemotherapy, immunotherapy (such as monoclonal antibodies), targeted therapy, radiation, or stem cell transplantation in more aggressive cases. Prognosis varies by subtype, stage, and treatment response, but advances have improved survival for many patients. Regular follow-up is important to monitor for recurrence and long-term treatment effects.

Risk factors include older age, immune suppression (for example, HIV infection or post-transplant immunosuppression), certain infections, and prior radiation or chemotherapy. There is no universal method to prevent all lymphomas, though managing immune health and treating associated infections can influence risk in some contexts.