Lyctidae

Lyctidae is a small family of wood-boring beetles in the order Coleoptera, commonly known as powderpost beetles. The type genus is Lyctus, and the family includes several other genera. Adults are small and slender, typically a few millimeters in length, while the larvae bore within hardwoods, producing fine, powder-like frass that gives wood a dusty appearance.

Ecology and life cycle: Lyctidae larvae develop in hardwood substrates, often within seasoned timber used in furniture, cabinetry, flooring, and millwork. They prefer woods with sufficient moisture and starch; softwoods are less commonly attacked by this family. Eggs are laid in tiny cracks or crevices, and the larvae tunnel through the wood for months to years depending on temperature and moisture. Adults emerge through small, round exit holes.

Host range and damage: The beetles infest hardwoods such as oak, maple, and other dense timbers. Infestations produce characteristic small exit holes and a bloom of powdery frass at the surface. Damage is typically aesthetic and structural when infestations are extensive, and it is most common in older or improperly stored timber, furniture, and musical instruments.

Distribution and significance: Lyctidae are found worldwide, with higher incidence in regions where hardwood timbers are imported and used in construction and consumer goods. They are considered economically important pests in the wood products industry and in households.

Diagnosis and control: Detection relies on the presence of small exit holes and powdery frass, often accompanied by new galleries under surfaces. Prevention focuses on using kiln-dried or thoroughly dried wood, maintaining low moisture levels, and careful storage. Infested items may require heat treatment, fumigation, or replacement of affected timber, and prevention includes regular inspection of susceptible wood products.