Lungnabláæðastíflur

Lungnabláæðastíflur, also known as pulmonary embolism (PE), is a serious medical condition that occurs when a blood clot, typically originating in the legs or arms, travels to the lungs and blocks one of the pulmonary arteries. These clots, called thrombi, can obstruct blood flow to the lungs, leading to a potentially life-threatening situation.

The most common cause of lungnabláæðastíflur is deep vein thrombosis (DVT), where clots form in deep veins, usually in the legs. Immobility, such as during long flights or after surgery, is a significant risk factor. Other contributing factors include certain medical conditions like cancer, inherited clotting disorders, obesity, smoking, and the use of estrogen-containing medications.

Symptoms can vary widely and may include sudden shortness of breath, chest pain that worsens with breathing, coughing up blood, rapid heart rate, and dizziness. In severe cases, lungnabláæðastíflur can lead to fainting or even sudden death. Diagnosis often involves imaging tests such as a CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) or a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan, along with blood tests.

Treatment aims to prevent the clot from growing larger and to break it up. Anticoagulant medications, also known as blood thinners, are the primary treatment. In some severe cases, thrombolytic therapy (clot-busting drugs) or surgery to remove the clot may be necessary. Prevention strategies include early mobilization after surgery, regular exercise, and sometimes the use of anticoagulant medication for individuals at high risk.