Lungenödem

Lungenödem, also known as pulmonary edema, is a condition where excess fluid accumulates in the air sacs of the lungs. This fluid buildup can make it difficult to breathe. The air sacs, called alveoli, are where oxygen enters the bloodstream. When they are filled with fluid, oxygen exchange is impaired.

There are two main types of Lungenödem: cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema is caused by heart problems, most commonly heart failure. When the heart cannot pump blood effectively, blood can back up in the veins that return blood from the lungs to the heart. This increased pressure can force fluid out of the blood vessels and into the alveoli. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, also known as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), can be caused by other conditions such as pneumonia, sepsis, severe infections, or lung injury. In these cases, the lung tissue itself becomes damaged, leading to inflammation and leakage of fluid into the air sacs.

Symptoms of Lungenödem can vary in severity but often include shortness of breath, particularly when lying down, a cough that may produce frothy or pink-tinged mucus, wheezing, and a rapid heart rate. In severe cases, individuals may experience confusion, anxiety, and cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the skin).

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening to the lungs with a stethoscope, and imaging tests such as a chest X-ray. Blood tests and an electrocardiogram (ECG) may also be performed to assess heart function. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. For cardiogenic pulmonary edema, treatments focus on improving heart function and reducing fluid buildup, often using diuretics and medications to support the heart. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema requires addressing the primary cause, such as treating infection or inflammation, and may involve oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation to assist breathing.