Luidheidsnormen

Luidheidsnormen, or loudness standards, are a set of technical rules for measuring and controlling the perceived loudness of audio content. They are intended to create a consistent listening level across programs, channels, and platforms, so that viewers and listeners experience fewer abrupt changes in volume when switching channels, between programs, or when advertisements appear.

Luidheid wordt gemeten in units such as LUFS (Loudness Units relative to Full Scale) or LKFS in some regions. Important measurements include the integrated loudness over the entire program, as well as short-term and momentary loudness, and the loudness range (LRA) which describes how much the level varies. These measures rely on standardized algorithms, notably the ITU-R BS.1770 family, which provide a consistent basis for calculation across devices and platforms.

The most widely adopted standards are international and regional guidelines such as the European Broadcasting Union’s EBU R128 and related ITU recommendations. EBU R128 specifies targets like an integrated loudness around -23 LUFS with a maximum true peak around -1 dBTP, and it introduces the concept of loudness normalization and measurement windows. In the United States, regulatory and industry practices, such as those under the CALM Act, aim for similar goals to ensure commercials do not exceed program loudness, though regional target values may differ (often expressed in LKFS or LUFS). Different streaming services and broadcasters may apply their own adaptations while aligning with these core principles.

In practice, luidheidsnormen affect production, mastering, encoding, and post-processing workflows. They require broadcasters and platforms to perform loudness normalization or compliance checks, reducing listener fatigue and improving the overall user experience. Implementations vary by region and service, but the underlying aim remains consistent: stable, comfortable listening.