Loxosceles

Loxosceles is a genus of venomous spiders commonly known as recluse spiders or brown spiders. These spiders belong to the family Sicariidae and are characterized by a violin-shaped marking on their cephalothorax. There are over 100 described species within the Loxosceles genus, distributed throughout the world, with a significant presence in the Americas.

The venom of Loxosceles spiders contains enzymes, notably a sphingomyelinase, which can cause tissue necrosis. Bites from these spiders can lead to a condition known as loxoscelism, characterized by localized pain, itching, and the development of necrotic lesions. In severe cases, systemic symptoms can occur, though this is less common. Identifying a Loxosceles spider and its bite can be challenging, as symptoms vary greatly and can be mistaken for other conditions.

Loxosceles spiders are generally reclusive and prefer dark, undisturbed areas, often found in homes and outbuildings. They are not aggressive and typically bite only when threatened or trapped against the skin. Their diet consists primarily of insects and other small arthropods. Due to their cryptic nature and potential for medically significant bites, Loxosceles spiders are of interest to both the scientific community and public health officials.