Livmormunnen

Livmormunnen, also known as the cervix, is the lower, narrow part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. It is a muscular structure that plays a crucial role in reproduction and the menstrual cycle. The cervix is approximately 2-3 centimeters long and cylindrical in shape. It is composed of dense connective tissue and smooth muscle, which allows it to remain closed and strong during pregnancy to support the growing fetus.

During childbirth, the cervix undergoes significant changes. It softens, thins out (effaces), and dilates (opens) to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal. The opening of the cervix is measured in centimeters, with full dilation being 10 centimeters. The cervix also produces mucus, which changes in consistency throughout the menstrual cycle. During ovulation, the cervical mucus becomes thin and slippery, facilitating sperm transport. At other times in the cycle, it is thicker and acts as a barrier to prevent infection.

The cervix is a common site for certain medical conditions, including cervical cancer, which is often linked to persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Regular screening tests, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, are important for early detection and prevention of cervical abnormalities. Conditions like cervicitis, inflammation of the cervix, can also occur. The health of the cervix is vital for overall reproductive well-being.