Limfomul

Limfomul is the term used in Romanian to refer to lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system. It describes a group of diseases in which abnormal lymphocytes grow uncontrollably and may form tumors in lymph nodes, the spleen, bone marrow, and other organs.

Most lymphomas are classified into two broad categories: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). HL is defined by the presence of Reed–Sternberg cells and generally has a favorable response to treatment. NHL comprises many subtypes, mainly B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, and ranges from indolent to highly aggressive forms.

Common symptoms include enlarging, painless lymph nodes in the neck, armpit, or groin; fever; night sweats; unintended weight loss; fatigue; and itching.

Risk factors include immune suppression, infections such as the Epstein–Barr virus, HIV infection, certain inherited conditions, and a family history of lymphoma. The exact cause is often not known.

Diagnosis relies on a combination of physical exam, blood tests, imaging (CT or PET-CT), and a biopsy of a lymph node or affected tissue to confirm lymphoma type and stage.

Treatment depends on subtype and stage. HL is often treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and has a high cure rate in many patients. NHL treatment varies and may include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation, and sometimes stem cell transplantation.

Prognosis varies by type and stage. HL generally has a favorable outcome when detected early; NHL prognosis depends on subtype, stage, and patient factors.

Limfomul is a global health concern, with incidence differing by age, region, and exposure to risk factors.