Limfadenitis

Limfadenitis, also known as lymphadenitis, refers to the inflammation of lymph nodes, which are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the lymphatic system. This condition typically results from an infection, either bacterial, viral, or fungal, that triggers an immune response within the lymph nodes. Commonly affected areas include cervical (neck), axillary (armpits), and inguinal (groin) regions.

The primary presenting features of limfadenitis include swollen, tender, and sometimes painful lymph nodes. The nodes may be enlarged and firm, with overlying skin potentially appearing red or warm. Additional symptoms depend on the underlying cause and may include fever, malaise, and localized pain or discomfort.

Diagnosis involves a thorough clinical evaluation and often includes blood tests, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans, and sometimes lymph node biopsy. Blood tests can identify systemic infections or inflammatory markers, while imaging helps assess the size, location, and characteristics of the affected nodes. Biopsy may be necessary to rule out malignancies or specific infections.

Treatment of limfadenitis primarily targets the underlying cause. Antibiotics are used if a bacterial infection is identified, whereas antiviral or antifungal medications are prescribed for viral or fungal causes. Symptomatic relief can include analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. In cases where abscess formation occurs, surgical drainage might be required. Persistent or atypical lymphadenitis warrants further investigation to exclude malignancies or other chronic conditions, such as autoimmune disorders.

Prognosis depends on the etiology and timeliness of treatment. Most cases resolve with appropriate therapy, but recurrent or unresolved lymphadenitis requires medical evaluation to prevent complications.