Liigeskapsli

Liigeskapsli, also known as the joint capsule, is a strong, fibrous sac that encloses a synovial joint. It is a crucial component of the musculoskeletal system, providing stability and allowing for controlled movement. The joint capsule has two distinct layers: an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane.

The outer fibrous layer is composed of dense connective tissue, which strengthens the joint and helps to prevent dislocation. It is richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves, contributing to the sensation of pain and proprioception (the awareness of body position). Ligaments, which are strong bands of connective tissue, often blend with or reinforce the fibrous capsule, further enhancing joint stability.

The inner synovial membrane lines the joint capsule, except where articular cartilage is present. This membrane is responsible for producing synovial fluid, a viscous, lubricating substance that fills the joint cavity. Synovial fluid reduces friction between the articular cartilages, nourishes them, and absorbs shock, ensuring smooth and effortless joint movement. The synovial membrane also plays a role in the inflammatory response within the joint.

The integrity and function of the liigeskapsli are essential for overall joint health. Injuries such as sprains, strains, and dislocations can damage the capsule, leading to pain, swelling, instability, and restricted movement. Conditions like arthritis can also affect the joint capsule, causing inflammation and degeneration. Treatment often involves rest, physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgical intervention to repair or reconstruct the damaged capsule.