Ligusticum

Ligusticum is a genus of flowering plants in the carrot family (Apiaceae). The group comprises a number of herbaceous perennials native to temperate regions of Eurasia and North America. Plants in this genus typically have divided, aromatic leaves and produce umbels of small white to pale yellow flowers. The roots and aromatic compounds of several species have been used in traditional practices, and some species are cultivated for medicinal or culinary purposes.

Taxonomy and classification within Ligusticum have been complex and somewhat unsettled. Over time, many species previously placed in Ligusticum have been moved to other genera such as Angelica or Peucedanum as molecular and morphological studies clarified relationships. As a result, the circumscription of Ligusticum varies among classifications, and exact species boundaries can be subject to revision.

Selected species and uses: Several Ligusticum species have traditional medicinal uses. Ligusticum chuanxiong (Chuanxiong) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to promote blood circulation and relieve pain associated with stagnation. Ligusticum porteri (Porter’s ligusticum, commonly known as osha) has a history of use in North American herbal traditions for respiratory and cold-related symptoms. Other species are used locally or in regional herbal practices, and some are valued for their aromatic roots or ornamental qualities.

Ecology and cultivation: In the wild, Ligusticum species inhabit meadows, forest margins, and montane habitats. They are cultivated for medicinal roots or ornamental use in suitable temperate climates. Propagation is typically by seed or division, with attention to accurate species identification due to similarity with other Apiaceae members.