Levitra

Levitra is the brand name for vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. It was developed by Bayer and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2003. The medication is available as oral tablets, commonly in 5, 10, and 20 mg strengths, and an orally disintegrating formulation marketed under Staxyn in some regions.

Mechanism of action: Vardenafil enhances erectile response to sexual stimulation by increasing blood flow to the penis. It inhibits the PDE5 enzyme, which breaks down cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Higher cGMP levels promote smooth muscle relaxation and increased penile blood flow, facilitating erection in the presence of arousal.

Administration and dosing: Levitra is typically taken about 60 minutes before sexual activity, with or without food. The dose is adjusted based on efficacy and tolerability, commonly starting at 10 mg and may be reduced to 5 mg or increased to 20 mg. It should not be used more than once per day. Do not use Levitra with nitrates or nitric oxide donors; strong CYP3A4 inhibitors can raise vardenafil levels and may require dose adjustment. A healthcare professional should review potential drug interactions.

Contraindications and interactions: Levitra is contraindicated in patients using nitrates or riociguat. Caution is advised when combined with alpha-blockers or other antihypertensives due to possible hypotension. Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (such as certain antifungals and HIV protease inhibitors) can increase exposure to vardenafil. Grapefruit juice is generally discouraged because it can affect liver enzyme activity and drug levels.

Side effects and safety: Common adverse effects include headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, and dizziness. Less frequent but serious events may include impaired vision or hearing, priapism, or cardiovascular symptoms in susceptible individuals. Use should be guided by a healthcare professional, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease or other health concerns.