Lepisosteiformes

Lepisosteiformes is an order of ray-finned fish that comprises seven extant species in three genera, all of which are native to North America. These fish are commonly known as gars. Gars are elongated, predatory fish with long, narrow jaws filled with sharp teeth. Their bodies are covered in tough, bony scales that provide a protective armor. They are found in freshwater habitats, including rivers, lakes, and swamps, and are also known to tolerate brackish water.

The three genera within Lepisosteiformes are Atractosteus, Lepisosteus, and Cylindrosteus. Atractosteus includes species like the alligator gar and the tropical gar. Lepisosteus includes the longnose gar, spotted gar, and Florida gar. Cylindrosteus contains the bowfin, which is sometimes considered a gar but is more accurately a distinct lineage within the order.

Gars are ancient fish, with fossil evidence suggesting their lineage dates back to the Cretaceous period. Their unique anatomical features, such as their primitive lungs which allow them to breathe atmospheric air, have contributed to their survival over millions of years. They are important predators in their ecosystems, feeding on smaller fish, crustaceans, and amphibians. While some species are commercially fished, others are protected due to habitat loss and overfishing. Their elongated shape and powerful jaws make them formidable hunters, and their bony scales are a distinctive characteristic.