Lepakko

Lepakko is the Finnish term for bats, a group of small to medium-sized mammals belonging to the order Chiroptera. Bats are the only mammals capable of true powered flight. Their wings are formed by a thin skin membrane stretched between elongated finger bones, the body, and the hind limbs. Most lepakot are nocturnal insectivores and hunt by emitting ultrasonic calls and listening for echoes, a process called echolocation. A few tropical species feed on fruit or nectar, but these habits are not typical in Finland or northern Europe.

Lepakko species roost in a variety of places, including tree hollows, caves, rock crevices, and human-made structures such as barns and attics. They often form maternity roosts where females raise their young together. In temperate regions they enter torpor or hibernate during winter and resume activity in spring. They are important for ecosystems because they consume large numbers of nocturnal insects, contributing to natural pest control; in some ecosystems they also aid pollination and seed dispersal.

Distribution and conservation: In Europe, including Finland, several bat species occur. In Finland, many species are protected by law, and it is illegal to harm bats or disturb roosting sites, especially during maternity seasons. Threats include habitat loss, disturbance of roosting sites, light pollution, and reductions in prey due to pesticides. Conservation measures emphasize protecting roosts, maintaining foraging habitats, and promoting bat-friendly structures such as bat boxes. Public participation through monitoring, habitat protection, and reducing nighttime light can support bat populations.