Leiterbahnsystemen

Leiterbahnsystemen, also known as conductor rail systems or contact line systems, are a method of supplying electrical power to moving vehicles, most commonly trains, trams, and trolleybuses. These systems consist of a continuous conductive rail that is mounted alongside or above the track. A current collector, typically a shoe or a pantograph, on the vehicle makes contact with this rail to draw the necessary electrical power for propulsion and other onboard systems.

There are two primary types of conductor rail systems: the third rail and the overhead line. The third rail system uses an electrified rail positioned close to the running rails, typically on the side. Power is collected by a sliding shoe that contacts the top, side, or bottom of the third rail. This system is often used in subways and rapid transit systems where clearances are limited and safety concerns regarding exposed high voltage are managed through elevated platforms and fencing.

Overhead line systems, also known as catenary systems, employ a wire or multiple wires suspended above the track by poles and supporting structures. The current collector, a pantograph, is a more complex device that extends upwards to maintain contact with the overhead wire(s). This system is prevalent in long-distance railways, light rail, and trolleybus networks, offering advantages in terms of higher voltage capabilities and reduced risk of ground-level electrical hazards.

The design and implementation of Leiterbahnsystemen involve considerations for insulation, current carrying capacity, maintenance, and safety. The efficiency and reliability of these systems are crucial for the operation of electric traction transport. Environmental factors, such as weather conditions, can also influence the design and performance of conductor rail systems, requiring robust solutions to ensure continuous power supply.