Ledpunktion

Ledpunktion, also known as lumbar puncture or spinal tap, is a medical procedure used to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The procedure involves inserting a hollow needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal, typically between the lumbar vertebrae (L3-L4 or L4-L5), to access the CSF that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

The primary indications for ledpunktion include diagnosis of infections such as meningitis and encephalitis, evaluation of hemorrhages, detection of multiple sclerosis, and measurement of intracranial pressure. It is also used to administer medications or contrast agents into the CSF.

Before the procedure, patients are usually positioned in a lateral decubitus or sitting position to widen the intervertebral spaces. Local anesthesia is applied to minimize discomfort. The clinician then inserts a sterile needle through the skin into the spinal canal, carefully advancing until CSF flow is observed. Once sufficient fluid is collected, the needle is removed, and a bandage is applied.

Complications are infrequent but may include headache, back pain, bleeding, or, rarely, nerve injury or infection. Post-procedure instructions often recommend resting and increasing fluid intake to help prevent headaches.

Ledpunktion is generally considered safe and effective when performed by trained healthcare professionals. Proper technique and sterile conditions are essential to minimize risks and ensure accurate diagnostic results.