Latex

Latex is a term that refers to several related substances with different contexts. In biology and industry, it most commonly denotes a milky colloidal suspension produced by certain plants, especially Hevea brasiliensis (the rubber tree). This natural latex is the source of natural rubber and consists mainly of polyisoprene particles dispersed in water, along with proteins, enzymes, sugars, and minerals. The term also covers synthetic latexes, which are aqueous dispersions of polymer particles made by emulsion polymerization, including styrene–butadiene, acrylate, and vinyl polymers. In everyday use, latex can also describe water-based paints that use a polymer binder, known as latex paint.

Properties and production: Natural latex contains cis-1,4-polyisoprene and various additives. It is collected by tapping the tree, then stabilized and often processed into coagulated rubber or emulsified into latex. Synthetic latexes are produced by polymerizing monomers in water and stabilizing the resulting particles. Formulations may include stabilizers, fillers, pigments, plasticizers, and curing systems to tailor viscosity, elasticity, and durability.

Uses and safety: Latex is widely used to manufacture medical gloves, balloons, mattresses, coatings, adhesives, and paints. Its elasticity and optical properties suit many applications. Some individuals have latex allergies due to proteins in natural latex, which can trigger reactions; processing can reduce but not always eliminate allergenicity. Environmental and disposal considerations vary by formulation and additives.

LaTeX: Note that LaTeX (with a capital X) is a separate system for document preparation. It is a high-quality typesetting system built on TeX and widely used for scientific documents; it is not a material latex.