Laryngoskops

Laryngoskops are medical instruments designed to visualize the larynx and airway and to facilitate tracheal intubation and airway management. They come in several forms, with direct laryngoscopes used for direct line-of-sight visualization and video or fiberoptic variants that provide indirect or remote visualization.

Direct laryngoscopes consist of a handle and a blade that may be curved (Macintosh) or straight (Miller). The blade lifts the tongue and epiglottis to expose the glottis. Light sources illuminate the airway, either from the blade or a separate light. Video laryngoscopes mount a camera on the blade and display the view on a monitor, often improving glottic visualization in difficult airways. Fiberoptic laryngoscopes use flexible optics for awake or guided intubation. Rigid and flexible designs are available, with blades and handles in various sizes, including pediatric options. Disposable versions reduce infection risk.

History and development: Direct laryngoscopy dates from the 19th century, with Macintosh and Miller blades becoming standard in the mid-20th century. Video laryngoscopy emerged later, expanding the range of airway management tools and techniques.

Indications and use: The primary application is airway management for anesthesia and critical care, including endotracheal intubation, airway examination, and suction. Safety considerations include proper preoxygenation, gentle technique to minimize dental or soft tissue injury, and appropriate sterilization or disposal between uses.

See also: airway management, endoscopy.