glottic

Glottic is an anatomical and clinical term that relates to the glottis, the opening within the larynx between the true vocal cords. The glottis forms the passageway for airflow during breathing and is the site of sound production during phonation. The rima glottidis describes the variable opening between the vocal folds and can widen or narrow with respiration, voice, and swallowing.

Anatomy and function: The vocal folds, supported by the arytenoid and other laryngeal cartilages, are controlled by intrinsic muscles. Abduction widens the glottic aperture to permit air entry, mainly via the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. Adduction closes the glottis for phonation and protection of the airway. Tension and stiffness of the vocal folds determine pitch and timbre; rapid, periodic vibration produces voiced sound.

Clinical relevance: Glottic structures are involved in a range of disorders. Glottic insufficiency or poor vocal fold closure can cause hoarseness and aspiration. Lesions such as nodules, polyps, or scar can impair closure and voice quality. Spasmodic dysphonia and other movement disorders affect glottic vibration. In anesthesia and airway management, a good glottic seal is essential for safe intubation or use of a laryngeal mask.

Diagnosis and terminology: Assessment of the glottis uses laryngoscopy and videostroboscopy to visualize closure, wave, and vibratory patterns. Terms such as glottic closure, glottic gap, and glottic insufficiency describe functional states. Treatments range from voice therapy and pharmacologic or surgical interventions to procedures that improve closure or restore airway safety, depending on the underlying cause.