Laminat

Laminat, or laminate, is a multi-layer composite material used for flooring, countertops and furniture surfaces. It is designed to imitate natural materials such as wood or stone while offering durability and lower cost. In flooring, laminate planks are usually installed as floating boards with a click-lock system.

A typical laminate floor has four layers: a clear wear layer; a design layer with a printed image; a core layer made of high-density fiberboard (HDF) or similar; and a backing layer for stability. Total thickness is commonly 6–12 mm, with wear layers around 0.2–0.7 mm.

Manufacturing combines printing, lamination and pressing. The design and wear layers are bonded to the HDF core under heat and pressure, and the resulting sheets are cut into planks with edge profiles that enable floating installation.

Laminate is valued for durability, realistic appearance and easy maintenance. It resists scratches and fading but is not inherently fully waterproof; moisture can damage the core if not properly protected. Some products claim enhanced water resistance through waterproof cores or seals. When damaged, replacement is common rather than refinishing.

Laminate flooring was popularized in the late 1970s, notably by the Swedish company Pergo. Today numerous manufacturers produce laminate flooring worldwide, including Pergo, Krono, Quick-Step and Tarkett. It competes with solid and engineered wood, vinyl and other resilient options.

Maintenance involves regular sweeping or vacuuming and light damp-mopping. Avoid standing water and use protective pads on furniture. Modern laminates often meet formaldehyde-emission standards and may use more sustainable resins or recycled content.