Laksativ

Laksativ is a term used for medicines that relieve constipation by stimulating bowel movements, softening stool, or increasing stool volume. They are used for short-term relief of constipation, to prepare the bowel before procedures, or to prevent dehydration in certain illnesses.

Laxatives are grouped by their mechanism of action. Osmotic laxatives draw water into the intestine to soften and stretch the stool, examples include polyethylene glycol, lactulose, and certain magnesium salts. Stimulant laxatives increase intestinal motility and mucosal activity, with agents such as senna and bisacodyl. Bulk-forming laxatives add fiber and water to the stool to promote regularity, for example psyllium. Emollient (stool-softening) laxatives lower surface tension to help water and fats mix with stool, such as docusate. Saline laxatives use osmosis to attract water, and lubricants such as mineral oil can ease stool passage.

Indications include constipation of varying causes, preparation before colonoscopy or imaging, and management of certain functional bowel disorders. They are generally not intended for long-term use without medical supervision. Contraindications include suspected bowel obstruction, acute abdominal pain of unknown origin, severe dehydration, significant electrolyte disturbances, inflammatory bowel disease with active symptoms, or known sensitivity to the product.

Common side effects are cramping, bloating, gas, and dehydration. Longer-term or excessive use, especially of stimulant or saline laxatives, can lead to electrolyte imbalances and dependence. Laksatives should be used at the lowest effective dose, and some forms may interact with other medications by affecting absorption. Use during pregnancy or in older adults should be guided by a clinician.