docusate

Docusate refers to a group of stool softeners used to relieve constipation by softening stools and easing passage. The most common forms are docusate sodium and docusate calcium, salts of the emulsifying agent dioctyl sulfosuccinate. It is an emollient laxative and a surfactant that lowers surface tension, allowing water and fats to penetrate and soften stool. It is used to prevent constipation and reduce straining during bowel movements, especially in people with hemorrhoids, after surgery, or during opioid-induced constipation. It is not a stimulant laxative.

Forms and administration: Docusate is available for oral use as tablets, capsules, or syrup, and also as rectal suppositories or enemas for local effect. Onset of action is typically 1 to 3 days after beginning therapy for oral forms; rectal forms may work more quickly.

Dosing: Doses depend on product and patient age. In adults, common daily doses range from about 50 to 400 mg in divided doses, with directions on the label. Pediatric dosing is weight-based and requires clinician guidance.

Safety and precautions: Most people tolerate docusate well. Common side effects include stomach upset, diarrhea, and throat irritation with some liquid forms, and mild cramping. It should not be used in the setting of a bowel obstruction, undiagnosed abdominal pain, or known allergy. Use during pregnancy or lactation should be discussed with a clinician. Long-term use should be supervised to avoid potential electrolyte disturbances or dependence on laxatives. Interactions: Avoid concomitant use with mineral oil, as the combination can increase the risk of lipid pneumonia if aspirated and may affect absorption of fat-soluble substances.