LREEbearing

LREEbearing refers to minerals or ore deposits that contain predominantly light rare earth elements (LREE), typically La through Nd, with elements such as La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm present in higher concentrations than heavy REEs. The term is used to distinguish these materials from HREEbearing sources, which concentrate the heavier lanthanides such as Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu.

Common LREE-bearing minerals include bastnäsite and monazite, which are frequently associated with carbonatite complexes and various alluvial or placer deposits. Allanite is another LREE-rich mineral in some settings, though its composition can vary and may include trace thorium and uranium. The exact REE distribution depends on geology and alteration history of the deposit.

Geological settings for LREEbearing mineralization often involve alkaline and carbonatite-related magmatism, as well as late-stage hydrothermal processes. These environments can produce high concentrations of LREE minerals within economically mineable ore. LREE deposits are typically explored and developed based on ore grade, mineralogy, and the ease of beneficiation.

Processing of LREEbearing ore generally involves crushing and grinding, followed by physical separation (gravity, magnetic, and flotation methods) to concentrate REE-bearing minerals. The concentrated material is then subjected to solvent extraction or ion exchange to separate individual REEs. Market value is driven by Nd, Pr, and Ce, among others, with the balance of LREEs affecting overall project economics.

Environmental and regulatory considerations include managing thorium and uranium content in minerals like monazite, radiation protections, tailings disposal, and potential environmental liabilities from REE mining and processing.