LIDARbased

LiDARbased refers to systems or processes that rely on LiDAR technology to measure distances and generate spatial information. LiDAR stands for Light Detection and Ranging. It uses laser pulses emitted from a sensor and measures the time of flight or phase shift of returned signals to calculate distances to targets. The collected returns are typically assembled into 3D point clouds or converted into raster reflectance maps. LiDARbased approaches are widely used for precise 3D mapping, terrain modeling, object detection, and navigation.

Applications include autonomous vehicles and robotics for obstacle detection and navigation; airborne LiDAR for topographic mapping, flood modeling, and vegetation analysis; terrestrial and mobile LiDAR for building reconstruction, archaeology, and industrial inspection; forestry management for biomass estimation; and urban planning and cultural heritage recording.

Advantages include high spatial resolution and accurate ranging, rapid data acquisition over large areas, and robust performance in varying lighting conditions. Limitations involve weather sensitivity (rain, fog, snow), challenges with reflective or absorbent surfaces, large data volumes and processing requirements, relatively high equipment costs, and dependency on GPS/IMU for precise georeferencing.

Processing and interoperability emphasize integration with photogrammetry and other sensing modalities. Common data formats include LAS/LAZ, E57, and PLY. Typical workflows involve filtering, ground/non-ground classification, surface generation, and, for mobile and indoor systems, SLAM. Privacy, regulatory, and ethical considerations may apply in urban scans, and the term "LiDARbased" commonly signals reliance on LiDAR data rather than alternative sensors.