LEAVES2

LEAVES2 is an open-source software framework for modeling, simulating, and visualizing leaf-level processes in plant science. As the successor to the LEAVES project, it provides a modular, scalable toolset for researchers, educators, and developers.

Core components include a morphogenesis module that generates leaf shapes using L-systems and stochastic rules, a biophysical engine for photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, and energy balance, and a rendering subsystem for 3D visualization and data inspection.

LEAVES2 offers Python bindings and a performant C++ core, with interoperable data formats (geometry in OBJ, measurements in CSV/NetCDF) and configuration in YAML. It supports Windows, macOS, and Linux and emphasizes reproducible workflows through example datasets and unit tests.

Typical applications include plant physiology research, agronomy simulations, ecological modeling, and education. Researchers use LEAVES2 to study how leaf morphology influences light interception, gas exchange, and thermal behavior under varied environmental conditions.

Development is carried out by an international community of contributors and is released under the MIT license. Documentation and tutorials are hosted on the official repository and project website.

LEAVES2 builds on the original LEAVES framework, integrating modern graphics, enhanced performance, and broader platform support while remaining compatible with earlier models and datasets.