Külmtsoon

Külmtsoon refers to a specific type of climate characterized by extremely low temperatures throughout the year. These regions are typically found in high latitudes, such as the polar regions, or at very high altitudes, like on tall mountains. The defining feature of a külmtsoon is the persistent presence of ice and snow, with minimal thawing, even during the warmest months.

The defining characteristic of a külmtsoon is its average annual temperature, which is usually below freezing point, often significantly so. Precipitation in these zones is typically low, but due to the cold temperatures, it falls as snow and accumulates over long periods, forming glaciers and ice sheets. Vegetation is scarce and highly specialized, limited to hardy mosses, lichens, and a few cold-adapted plants that can survive the harsh conditions. Animal life is also sparse and adapted to extreme cold, often relying on thick fur or blubber for insulation.

Examples of külmtsoon climates include the Antarctic continent, much of Greenland, and the highest peaks of mountain ranges like the Himalayas and the Andes. The environmental conditions in these zones present unique challenges for life and human activity, influencing everything from ecosystems to exploration and resource management. Understanding the characteristics of a külmtsoon is crucial for studying climate change, biodiversity, and the geological history of the Earth.