Küberjulgeolek

Küberjulgeolek is the Estonian term for the protection and governance of a state's digital space. It includes defending computer networks, safeguarding critical information infrastructure, and ensuring the reliable operation of digital services. The concept blends national security, cyber defense, and data sovereignty, acknowledging that information networks are essential to government, economy, and everyday life.

Core components typically include a national cyber security strategy, a governmental cyber authority, a national CSIRT for incident response, law enforcement and military cyber units, and strong public‑private partnerships with critical infrastructure operators. Policy instruments cover risk management, vulnerability coordination, incident reporting, cybercrime law, data protection rules, and supply chain and sector-specific protections.

Internationally, küberjulgeolek involves cooperation within NATO and the European Union, participation in cyber defense exercises, and information sharing on threats and best practices. Tallinn hosts the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, reflecting Estonia’s active role in the field, while the Tallinn Manual is frequently cited in discussions of international law applicable to cyber operations.

Historically, Estonia’s 2007 cyber attacks underscored the importance of resilient digital government and a proactive cyber security posture. Since then, küberjulgeolek has evolved to emphasize deterrence, rapid incident response, and the protection of citizens’ data and services in a connected society.