Kuumakahjustus

Kuumakahjustus, also known as heat injury or heat illness, refers to a range of conditions caused by the body's inability to regulate its temperature in hot environments. These conditions can vary in severity, from mild heat cramps to life-threatening heatstroke.

Heat cramps are the mildest form and typically affect muscles after strenuous activity in the heat. They are characterized by painful muscle spasms, usually in the legs and abdomen. Heat exhaustion is a more severe condition that occurs when the body loses excessive fluids and electrolytes through sweating. Symptoms include heavy sweating, dizziness, nausea, headache, and a weak pulse. The skin may be cool and clammy.

Heatstroke is the most severe and dangerous form of heat injury. It occurs when the body's temperature rises to dangerously high levels, typically above 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius). Heatstroke is a medical emergency and requires immediate attention. Symptoms include a high body temperature, hot and dry skin (though sometimes sweating may still occur), confusion, altered mental status, seizures, and loss of consciousness.

Risk factors for heat injury include prolonged exposure to high temperatures, high humidity, strenuous physical activity, dehydration, certain medical conditions like heart disease and diabetes, and age (infants and the elderly are more susceptible). Prevention is key and involves staying hydrated, avoiding strenuous activity during the hottest parts of the day, wearing light-colored and loose-fitting clothing, and seeking cool environments.