Kuuldeimplantaadi

Kuuldeimplantaadi, often translated as cochlear implant in English, is a surgically implanted electronic medical device that bypasses damaged portions of the ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve. Unlike hearing aids, which amplify sound, a cochlear implant converts sound into electrical signals that are then transmitted to the brain, enabling individuals with severe to profound hearing loss to perceive sound.

The device consists of external and internal components. The external part, worn behind the ear, includes a microphone that picks up sound, a speech processor that converts sound into digital signals, and a transmitter coil that sends these signals through the skin to the internal component. The internal component, surgically placed under the skin, has a receiver/stimulator and an electrode array that is inserted into the cochlea, the spiral-shaped cavity of the inner ear. The electrode array sends electrical impulses to specific areas of the auditory nerve, which then relays these signals to the brain where they are interpreted as sound.

Cochlear implants are typically recommended for individuals with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss who do not benefit sufficiently from hearing aids. The surgery is generally considered safe, and while the device can provide significant improvements in hearing, it does not restore normal hearing. Rehabilitation and auditory training are crucial components of successful cochlear implant use, helping individuals learn to interpret the new sound signals.