Kuseteede

Kuseteede is the Estonian term for the urinary tract, the body system responsible for urine production, transport, storage, and elimination. It comprises the kidneys, which filter blood to form urine; the ureters, which carry urine to the bladder; the bladder, a temporary reservoir; and the urethra, through which urine exits the body.

Normal kidney function maintains fluid and electrolyte balance and removes waste. Urine produced in the kidneys flows via the ureters into the bladder, where it is stored until micturition. The process is coordinated by nerves and pelvic floor muscles that control continence and urination.

Common kuseteede disorders include urinary tract infections (infections of the bladder or urethra), pyelonephritis (kidney infection), urethritis, cystitis, and kidney stones. Other problems are urinary incontinence and urinary retention. Symptoms commonly include dysuria, increased frequency or urgency of urination, hematuria, abdominal or flank pain, and fever in some cases. Prompt medical evaluation is advised when these symptoms occur.

Diagnosis relies on urinalysis and urine culture, aided by imaging such as ultrasound or CT urography. Cystoscopy may be used for certain conditions. Treatment depends on the disorder: antibiotics for infections, analgesics for pain, and fluids. Stones may require extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, or surgical removal. Recurrent problems may require urology consultation.

Prevention focuses on adequate hydration, good personal hygiene, and urinating after intercourse to reduce infection risk. Incontinence may benefit from pelvic floor exercises and lifestyle measures. UTIs are more common in women; risk factors include pregnancy, diabetes, catheter use, and impaired bladder function. Protective strategies are tailored to the specific kuseteede condition.