Kurmi

Kurmi is a social group found in India, traditionally associated with agriculture. The name is used for several sub-groups in northern and central India. In contemporary census and political discourse, Kurmi is commonly listed as an Other Backward Class (OBC) in many states, though regionally varying identities and claims about varna status exist.

Historical and social position: Historically, Kurmis have been cultivators and landholders in the Gangetic plains and adjoining regions. Over time, they developed political organization and representation in state legislatures and national politics. In several states, Kurmi leaders have mobilized around agrarian interests and education, contributing to social and economic development.

Geographic distribution: The community is concentrated in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and parts of Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra, with smaller populations in other states and in urban areas due to migration.

Culture and economy: Agriculture remains core; many Kurmis cultivate staple crops such as cereals and pulses. Education and professional attainments have grown, leading to participation in public administration, teaching, business, and other sectors. They share cultural traits with neighboring farming communities, including festivals and rural customs around marriage and community events.

The Kurmi have various subgroups and regional practices; the term and social status can vary by locality.