Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh is a state in central India. The capital is Raipur. It was formed on 1 November 2000, when it was separated from Madhya Pradesh, making it one of India’s newer states.

Geography and environment: The state covers about 135,000 square kilometers and features a mix of fertile plains, plateaus, and dense forests. It lies on the eastern edge of the Deccan plateau and includes the Bastar region with hills and river valleys. The Mahanadi basin dominates much of the north and east, with the Indravati and Hasdeo rivers among its important waterways. Forests are a significant feature, and protected areas such as Indravati National Park, Kanger Ghati National Park, and Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary are notable for wildlife and biodiversity.

Demographics and society: As of the 2011 census, Chhattisgarh had a population of about 25 million. The state has a substantial tribal presence, including Gonds, Baigas, and Oraons, each with distinct cultural traditions. Hindi is the official language, while Chhattisgarhi is widely spoken in daily life, along with several regional dialects in rural areas.

History and name: The name Chhattisgarh means “Thirty-Six Forts,” referring to historic fortifications in the region. The area was part of ancient Dakshin Kosala, later under the Marathas and the British as part of the Central Provinces and Berar. The state was created in 2000, separating from Madhya Pradesh.

Economy and culture: Chhattisgarh is rich in minerals, including iron ore, coal, and limestone, supporting a steel and power sector that includes the Bhilai Steel Plant. Agriculture—especially rice—also plays a major role. Cultural life features Bastar Dussehra, folk music and dances, and handicrafts such as Bastar ironware and Kosa silk.

Tourism: The state offers attractions such as the Bastar region, Chitrakoot Falls, Tirathgarh Falls, and the Sirpur archaeological site, along with the region’s scenic forested interiors.