Kurkkusyöpä

Kurkkusyöpä, commonly referred to as throat cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the throat, which is the part of the neck located behind the mouth and nasal cavity. This region includes the pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx) and the larynx (voice box). The causes of throat cancer are varied, but a significant risk factor is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly for cancers of the oropharynx. Other major risk factors include smoking and heavy alcohol consumption. The incidence of throat cancer can vary geographically and by demographic group.

Symptoms of throat cancer can include a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, a lump in the neck, changes in voice such as hoarseness, ear pain, and unexplained weight loss. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, and diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests like CT or MRI scans, and a biopsy to confirm the presence and type of cancer.

Treatment options for throat cancer depend on the stage, location, and type of cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatments include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In some cases, a combination of these therapies may be used. The prognosis for throat cancer varies widely, with earlier stages generally having a better outlook. Prevention strategies focus on reducing exposure to known risk factors, such as avoiding tobacco use, limiting alcohol intake, and getting vaccinated against HPV.