Kuolemanvaihe

Kuolemanvaihe refers to the biological and physiological processes that occur in the body following the cessation of vital functions. This period is characterized by a series of irreversible changes that lead to the complete breakdown of cellular and organ systems. The exact sequence and speed of these changes can vary depending on factors such as the cause of death, environmental conditions, and individual physiology.

Immediately after death, the body begins to cool down to the ambient temperature, a process known as algor mortis. Blood circulation ceases, leading to a settling of blood in the lowest parts of the body, causing a purplish discoloration called livor mortis. Muscle stiffness, or rigor mortis, sets in as chemical changes occur in the muscle fibers, making the limbs and body rigid.

Over time, decomposition begins. Autolysis, the breakdown of cells by their own enzymes, is an early stage. This is followed by putrefaction, the decomposition of tissues by bacteria, often originating from the gut. Insects and other scavengers can also play a role in the decomposition process, especially in outdoor environments. The rate of decomposition is influenced by temperature, humidity, and the presence of oxygen. Forensic science utilizes the study of these postmortem changes to estimate the time of death and understand the circumstances surrounding it.