KungFu

Kung fu, sometimes spelled gongfu, is a broad term for Chinese martial arts rather than a single style. The term kung fu (功夫) means skill or achievement gained through effort. Gongfu is the more etymologically accurate rendering; kung fu is the common English usage. In practice, kung fu covers many traditions, while wushu refers to the modern standardized sport and training system.

Historically, Chinese martial arts developed across regions over many centuries, drawing on military practice, rural self-defense, and philosophical traditions. Styles were influenced by Buddhist, Taoist, and Confucian thought and proliferated through local lineages. Public perception often centers on the Shaolin tradition, but millions of practitioners belong to diverse schools.

Styles are commonly described as internal (neijia) or external (waijia). External styles emphasize physical strength, speed, and form routines, while internal styles emphasize breath, alignment, and fluid movement. Regional differences exist, with Northern and Southern schools offering distinct approaches. Prominent examples include Shaolin, Wing Chun, Hung Ga, Choy Li Fut, and the internal trinity of Taijiquan, Bagua, and Xingyiquan. In the 20th century, wushu was codified as a national sport with standardized forms.

Training typically combines forms (taolu), applications (palm-to-palm drills), sparring, conditioning, and weapons work. Progression varies by school, with some traditions valuing lineage and apprenticeship, and others emphasizing fitness or practical self-defense. Unlike many other martial arts, there is no universal belt system across all kung fu styles.

Globally, kung fu has influenced cinema, staged performances, and fitness culture, contributing to a broad interest in Chinese martial arts. It remains a diverse field, reflecting regional heritages and modern adaptations alike.