Kulluks

Kulluks are a traditional nomadic tent dwelling primarily used by the Nenet people of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in Siberia, Russia. These portable structures are essential for the Nenet's reindeer herding lifestyle, allowing them to move with their herds across the vast tundra. A kulluk is typically cone-shaped and constructed from a wooden framework covered with reindeer hides or, more recently, canvas. The design is remarkably well-suited to the harsh Arctic climate, providing insulation against extreme cold and wind. The conical shape also allows snow to slide off easily, preventing structural damage.

The interior of a kulluk is often divided into sections for living, sleeping, and storage. A central hearth or stove is used for heating and cooking. The portability of the kulluk is a key feature. When it is time to move, the frame is dismantled, and the covering is folded. The components are then transported, often by reindeer-drawn sledges or more modern vehicles, to a new location. The construction and maintenance of kulluks are typically carried out by the women of the community. This dwelling is more than just shelter; it is a vital element of Nenet cultural identity and their enduring connection to the Arctic environment.